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States of matter, changes of state, and density.
Newton's three laws of motion, force, weight, and acceleration.
Misingi ya fizikia, vipimo vya SI na msongamano.
Nguvu, mwendo na sheria tatu za Newton.
Cell types, organelles, and their functions.
Food classes, digestive organs, enzymes, and absorption.
Muundo wa seli za mimea na wanyama na kazi za oganeli.
Number types, BODMAS, HCF, LCM, primes, and standard form.
Angle rules, Pythagoras, circle theorems, and area/volume formulas.
Aina za namba, mpangilio wa hesabu (BODMAS) na namba tasa.
Misingi ya maumbo, pembe, nadharia ya Pythagoras na trig.
Key early African civilisations: Egypt, Mali, Axum, Zimbabwe.
Map elements, types, scale, contour lines, and grid references.
Citizenship acquisition, rights, duties, and the Tanzanian constitution.
Trade types, wholesale/retail, markets, and basic entrepreneurship.
Soil composition, profile, texture, and steps in crop production.
Ustaarabu mkubwa wa kale nchini Afrika: Misri, Mali, na Aksum.
Misingi ya ramani, alama na mbinu za kusoma ramani.
Maana ya uraia, haki za binadamu na wajibu wa raia kwa nchi yake.
Misingi ya biashara, aina za masoko na hesabu ya faida.
Work, KE, PE, conservation of energy, and power.
Light: reflection, refraction, Snell's Law, and lenses.
Uhusiano kati ya kazi, nishati (kinetic/potential) na nguvu.
Tabia za mwanga: kuakisi, kukinama na lenzi.
Photosynthesis equation, limiting factors, and aerobic/anaerobic respiration.
Five kingdoms, taxonomic hierarchy, and binomial naming.
Plant transport (xylem/phloem) and human circulatory system.
Mchakato wa mimea kujitengenezea chakula na viumbe kutoa nishati.
Falme tano za viumbe na mfumo wa uainishaji kuanzia ufalme hadi spishi.
Atomic structure, isotopes, and Periodic Table organisation.
Ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding with properties.
Sehemu za atomu na mpangilio wa vipengele kwenye jedwali (periodic table).
Aina za miungano ya kemikali na sifa zake.
Trans-Atlantic and East African slave trades, effects, and abolition.
Weather vs climate, influencing factors, and Tanzania's climate zones.
Types of farming, cash crops, soil, and challenges in Tanzania.
Three arms of government, Parliament, President, Judiciary, and Local Government.
Double-entry, ledger accounts, trial balance, and balance sheet.
Historia ya utumwa Afrika na mchakato wa kukomeshwa kwake.
Tofauti kati ya hali ya hewa na tabianchi na misimu ya Tanzania.
Umuhimu wa kilimo, mazao makuu na aina za udongo.
Mihimili mitatu ya dola na muundo wa uongozi Tanzania.
Misingi ya kutunza mahesabu ya biashara na vitabu vya fedha.
Wave types, properties, speed formula, and sound.
Current, Ohm's Law, series/parallel circuits, and power.
Sheria ya Ohm, mizunguko ya umeme na misingi ya magneti.
Acids, bases, pH, indicators, and neutralisation reactions.
Balancing equations, mole concept, and stoichiometry.
Maana ya pH, asidi, besi na mchakato wa neutralization.
SOH-CAH-TOA, special angles, sine rule, cosine rule.
Mean, median, mode, range, and probability rules.
Uchambuzi wa data (wastani, mode, median) na uwezekano wa matukio.
Berlin Conference, scramble for Africa, German colonial rule in Tanganyika.
Population measures, Tanzania's distribution, and urbanisation.
UDHR, human rights categories, and Tanzanian constitutional protection.
Uvamizi wa kikoloni, upinzani wa maji maji, na safari ya uhuru wa Tanzania.
Idadi ya watu, msongamano, na aina za makazi Tanzania.
DNA, genes, Mendel's laws, dominant/recessive, genotype/phenotype.
Ecosystems, food chains/webs, energy flow, and conservation.
Misingi ya urithi, DNA, na sheria za Mendel.