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Mathematics - Geometry: Shapes, Angles and Theorems (Form I-III)
Muhtasari / Summary: Angle rules, Pythagoras, circle theorems, and area/volume formulas.
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Angles in a triangle sum to 180°. Angles on a straight line = 180°. Angles at a point = 360°. Pythagoras' Theorem: a² + b² = c² (right-angled triangles). Circle theorems: angle at centre = 2× angle at circumference; angles in same segment are equal; opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral add to 180°. Area formulas: Triangle = ½bh; Circle = πr²; Trapezium = ½(a+b)h. Surface area and volume of cylinder, cone, sphere: V(sphere) = ⁴⁄₃πr³.