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Biology - Genetics and Heredity (Form IV & V)

English biology form4 form5 genetics heredity DNA mendel alleles
Muhtasari / Summary: DNA, genes, Mendel's laws, dominant/recessive, genotype/phenotype.
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Genetics is the study of heredity. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries genetic information in a double-helix structure. Genes are segments of DNA on chromosomes. Mendel's Laws: Law of Segregation – alleles separate during gamete formation. Law of Independent Assortment – genes for different traits are inherited independently. Dominant alleles (shown as capital, e.g. A) mask recessive alleles (a). Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable trait. Mutation is a change in DNA sequence.

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