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Physics - Waves and Sound (Form III)
Muhtasari / Summary: Wave types, properties, speed formula, and sound.
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Waves transfer energy without transferring matter. Transverse waves: vibration perpendicular to direction of travel (e.g. light, water waves). Longitudinal waves: vibration parallel to direction of travel (e.g. sound). Key quantities: Amplitude (A), Wavelength (λ), Frequency (f), Period (T=1/f), Wave speed v = fλ. Sound requires a medium; speed in air ≈ 340 m/s. Ultrasound (>20 kHz) is used in medical imaging.