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Physics - Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics (Form IV)
Muhtasari / Summary: Types of radioactive decay, half-life, fission, and fusion.
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Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of particles/rays from unstable nuclei. Three types: Alpha (α) – helium nuclei, stopped by paper; Beta (β) – fast electrons, stopped by aluminium; Gamma (γ) – high-energy EM radiation, needs thick lead/concrete. Half-life is the time for half the nuclei to decay. Nuclear fission splits heavy nuclei releasing enormous energy (nuclear reactors). Nuclear fusion joins light nuclei (occurs in stars).