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Mathematics - Statistics and Probability (Form III & IV)
Muhtasari / Summary: Mean, median, mode, range, and probability rules.
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Statistics involves collecting, organising, and interpreting data. Measures of central tendency: Mean = Σx/n (sum/count), Median = middle value when ordered, Mode = most frequent value. Measures of spread: Range = max−min, Standard deviation measures average distance from mean. Probability: P(E) = favourable outcomes / total outcomes; 0 ≤ P ≤ 1. For mutually exclusive events: P(A or B) = P(A)+P(B). For independent events: P(A and B) = P(A)×P(B).