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Agriculture - Soil and Crop Production (Form I & II)

English agriculture form1 form2 soil crop production humus fertility
Muhtasari / Summary: Soil composition, profile, texture, and steps in crop production.
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Soil is the top layer of the Earth supporting plant growth. Composition: rock particles (45%), air (25%), water (25%), organic matter/humus (5%). Soil profile: O horizon (organic), A horizon (topsoil – most fertile), B horizon (subsoil), C horizon (parent rock). Soil texture: Clay (fine, water-retentive), Sandy (coarse, drains fast), Loam (best – mixture). Crop production requires: land preparation (ploughing, harrowing), planting, weeding, fertilising, pest control, and harvesting.

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